Ozempic and Addiction: A Potential Game-Changer?

Washington, DCOzempic, a semaglutide, is a medication primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes. It works by mimicking the effects of a hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which helps regulate blood sugar levels. However, recent studies have revealed a surprising potential benefit: addiction reduction, specifically with reference to alcohol and opioid abuse.

 
However, this is a promise with a dark shadow. Well-documented Ozempic side effects include stomach paralysis, blindness, thyroid cancer and bowel obstruction. The rapidly growing number of Ozempic side effect lawsuits has been consolidated for pre-trial proceedings in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Multidistrict Litigation (MDL) 3094.

Ozempic was approved by the FDA for treatment of type 2 diabetes in 2017, but there is little reason, at present, to expect further approval for treatment of addiction. Doctors are allowed to prescribe medications “off label” for conditions other than what they are approved for, but insurers often refuse to cover such uses. This often puts the drugs out of reach for patients who might benefit from them.

The link between obesity, addiction, and the brain

The connection between obesity and addiction is complex. Both conditions involve changes in the brain's reward system, which is responsible for feelings of pleasure and motivation. When individuals engage in behaviors like overeating or substance use, their brains release dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with reward. Over time, repeated engagement in these behaviors can lead to dependence and addiction.

How Ozempic might affect this reward system

Several studies have suggested that Ozempic may play a role in reducing addiction by targeting the brain's reward systemin three ways:

• Altering dopamine levels: Ozempic may influence the release of dopamine in the brain, potentially reducing the pleasurable sensations associated with addictive behaviors;
• Improving cognitive function: Some research has indicated that Ozempic may enhance cognitive function, including decision-making and impulse control, which can be crucial for overcoming addiction; and
• Reducing cravings: By addressing underlying health conditions like obesity, Ozempic may help reduce cravings for substances or unhealthy behaviors.

Evidence supporting Ozempic's potential

While more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms involved, several studies have provided promising evidence for Ozempic's potential role in addiction treatment. Preclinical studies have shown that Ozempic can reduce alcohol consumption and drug seeking behavior in animal models of addiction. In addition, a small pilot study involving individuals with both obesity and alcohol dependence found that Ozempic treatment was associated with a significant reduction in alcohol consumption and improved mood.

The risks

Addiction is a complex condition influenced by various biological, psychological and social factors. While Ozempic may target specific neurobiological aspects of addiction, it should not be seen as a standalone solution. Ultimately, a comprehensive and personalized approach to addiction treatment, combining pharmacological interventions with therapy and support, remains the gold standard for effective recovery and it may be a while before Ozempic is used to treat addiction especially within the workers’ compensation system.

Even when viewed outside the question of addiction treatment, it is important to be mindful that some individuals may experience serious and potentially deadly side effects from taking Ozempic.

The MDL moves into discovery mode

As of early October, 1,090 cases had been consolidated into the Pennsylvania MDL. At this stage, the litigation is largely about the scope of the discovery process – more specifically, when and if marketing materials may be considered. Ozempic, like its sister drug Wegovy, has been aggressively marketed directly to potential patients by the manufacturer, Novo Nordisk.

The first Ozempic lawsuits were filed in August 2023. In early October, a lawsuit that could have taken Ozempic off pharmacy shelves, possibly saving countless diabetes and weight loss patients from the drug’s harmful effects, has been settled on confidential terms. To date, there does not appear to be a schedule for the selection and review of bellwether lawsuits.

Tension between promise and peril

Semaglutides, like Ozempic, can be life-changing, life-saving drugs. New research suggests additional therapeutic uses. By understanding the complex relationship between obesity, addiction, and the brain, scientists are exploring innovative approaches to improve the lives of individuals struggling with substance abuse.

At the same time, however, it has become more urgent to:

• resolve questions about dangerous Ozempic side-effects;
• compensate patients who have been harmed; and
• prevent harm to those who may be prescribed the medication for conditions other than those approved by the FDA.

The legal process grinds along slowly. In the meantime, patients might do well to be cautious in their embrace of the promise of medications like Ozempic.